Urbanization and Its Impact on Traditional Family Structures in Pakistan

Abstract

Family structures have been drastically transformed globally because of the process of urbanization and Pakistan reflects this. However, with urban areas growing bigger and constituents finding that modern demands require resources that joint families can’t provide, traditional family systems like joint families are changing. This thesis examines the effect of urbanization on family structures in Pakistan specifically in terms of the differences between the extended and nuclear family’s system s, changing intergenerational relationships and the role of the economic, spatial and cultural forces. Research draws upon the mixed methods technique by using the quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews in gauging the developing dynamics in urban family life in the major cities of Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. Results indicate a marked decline in joint family systems and about 66percent of respondents lived in a nuclear family. As the generation gap is growing, intergenerational bonds have weakened and cultural conflicts between generations have increased, especially among the younger than older generations who increasingly adopt individualistic values. Major contributing factors to these changes are economic constraints, housing limitations and technological advancements. The results of this study underscore the requirement of policy interventions in urban housing, family support systems and community social engagement for combating the negative impacts of these transformations and keeping the social fabric of families intact in Pakistan. Findings also hint at more research into the long-term implications of urbanization in terms of familial relationships and digital media's role in reshaping family interactions.