Impact of Gender Role Expectations on Mental Health Among Working Women in South Asian Households
Keywords:
Gender role expectations, Working women, Mental health, South Asia, Double burdenAbstract
Background: Traditional gender role expectations may significantly influence the mental health of working women in South Asian households. Despite growing female participation in the workforce, societal and familial norms continue to place disproportionate expectations on women to fulfill domestic responsibilities alongside professional roles.
Objective: To examine the association between traditional gender role expectations and mental health outcomes specifically depression, anxiety, and stress among working women in South Asian societies.
Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed, involving data collection from 300 working women across Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Standardized mental health scales (DASS-21), gender role expectation measures (GREW), and in-depth interviews were utilized to assess the psychological impact of gendered expectations.
Results: Quantitative findings revealed a strong positive correlation between perceived gender role pressures and elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Qualitative data highlighted recurring themes such as the “double burden syndrome,” emotional suppression, and lack of family or institutional support.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need for cultural and policy-level interventions to reduce gender-based pressures and promote mental well-being. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersection between gender norms and psychological health in a South Asian context.
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