AI-Augmented Social Work, Community Resilience, and Ethical Practice: Perceptions and Readiness among Social Work Practitioners and Community Organisations in Pakistan

Authors

  • Shagufta Sattar Department of Computer Science, Government Syed Charagh Shah College for Women Kasur, Pakistan
  • Faisal Hameed Department of Electrical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • Ahsan Balal Shaker Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65761/jssp.2025.17

Keywords:

AI-augmented social work, community resilience practice, artificial intelligence readiness Pakistan, ethical AI social services, social work practitioners’ technology adoption, algorithmic bias social work

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence is transforming professional practices, offering significant potential to enhance case management and community resilience in social work. however, adoption in Pakistan remains underexplored, raising critical ethical concerns regarding privacy and algorithmic bias.

Objective: This study aimed to examine perceptions, readiness, ethical concerns, and potential applications of ai among social work practitioners and community organizations in Pakistan, exploring factors influencing adoption and views on community resilience.

Methods: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study surveyed 356 practitioners and community organization staff, complemented by 24 qualitative interviews. data were collected via structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, utilizing purposive and snowball sampling, and evaluated through descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and thematic coding.

Results: Participants showed positive perceptions of ai for case management and needs assessment, with an overall usefulness score of 3.82 ± 0.74 out of 5. direct professional experience remained low at 17.1%. major ethical concerns included data privacy (80.3%), misuse of sensitive information (78.1%), and algorithmic bias (72.8%). regression indicated previous ai exposure, digital skills, education, and experience significantly predicted readiness, while ethical concerns negatively impacted adoption. qualitative insights emphasized that ai must support, not replace, human empathy and judgment.

Conclusion: AI offers promising opportunities for social work in Pakistan, but responsible integration demands targeted digital capacity-building, robust ethical frameworks, and a human-centered approach.

References

Ali, T., Paton, D., Buergelt, P. T., Smith, J. A., Jehan, N., & Siddique, A. (2021). Integrating Indigenous perspectives and community-based disaster risk reduction: A pathway for sustainable Indigenous development in Northern Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 59, 102263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102263

Al-Kfairy, M., Mustafa, D., Kshetri, N., Insiew, M., & Alfandi, O. (2024, August). Ethical challenges and solutions of generative AI: An interdisciplinary perspective. In Informatics (Vol. 11, No. 3, p. 58). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11030058

Androff, D., & Mathis, C. (2022). Human rights–based social work practice with immigrants and asylum seekers in a legal service organization. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 7(2), 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-021-00197-7

Anis, M., & Turtiainen, K. (2021). Social workers’ reflections on forced migration and cultural diversity—towards anti-oppressive expertise in child and family social work. Social sciences, 10(3), 79. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10030079

Cossette-Lefebvre, H., & Maclure, J. (2023). AI’s fairness problem: understanding wrongful discrimination in the context of automated decision-making. AI and Ethics, 3(4), 1255-1269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-022-00233-w

Djatmiko, G. H., Sinaga, O., & Pawirosumarto, S. (2025). Digital transformation and social inclusion in public services: A qualitative analysis of e-government adoption for marginalized communities in sustainable governance. Sustainability, 17(7), 2908. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17072908

Eom, S. J., & Lee, J. (2022). Digital government transformation in turbulent times: Responses, challenges, and future direction. Government Information Quarterly, 39(2), 101690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101690

Garkisch, M., & Goldkind, L. (2025). Considering a unified model of artificial intelligence enhanced social work: A systematic review: M. Garkisch and L. Goldkind. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 10(1), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-024-00326-y

Holzinger, A., Zatloukal, K., & Müller, H. (2025). Is human oversight to AI systems still possible?. New Biotechnology, 85, 59-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2024.12.003

Islam, S., Basheer, N., Papastergiou, S., Ciampi, M., & Silvestri, S. (2025). Intelligent dynamic cybersecurity risk management framework with explainability and interpretability of AI models for enhancing security and resilience of digital infrastructure. Journal of Reliable Intelligent Environments, 11(3), 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40860-025-00253-3

Khan, M. M., Shah, N., Shaikh, N., Thabet, A., & Belkhair, S. (2025). Towards secure and trusted AI in healthcare: a systematic review of emerging innovations and ethical challenges. International journal of medical informatics, 195, 105780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105780

Latupeirissa, J. J. P., Dewi, N. L. Y., Prayana, I. K. R., Srikandi, M. B., Ramadiansyah, S. A., & Pramana, I. B. G. A. Y. (2024). Transforming public service delivery: A comprehensive review of digitization initiatives. Sustainability, 16(7), 2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072818

Mhlanga, D. (2022). Human-centered artificial intelligence: The superlative approach to achieve sustainable development goals in the fourth industrial revolution. Sustainability, 14(13), 7804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137804

Molino, M., Cortese, C. G., & Ghislieri, C. (2020). The promotion of technology acceptance and work engagement in industry 4.0: From personal resources to information and training. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(7), 2438. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072438

Moulaei, K., Akhlaghpour, S., & Fatehi, F. (2025). Patient consent for the secondary use of health data in artificial intelligence (AI) models: A scoping review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 198, 105872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2025.105872

Murdoch, B. (2021). Privacy and artificial intelligence: challenges for protecting health information in a new era. BMC medical ethics, 22(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-021-00687-3

Nadeem, M., Ali, Y., Rehman, O. U., & Saarinen, L. T. (2024). Barriers and strategies for digitalisation of economy in developing countries: Pakistan, a case in point. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 4730-4749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01158-3

Perez, K., Wisniewski, D., Ari, A., Lee, K., Lieneck, C., & Ramamonjiarivelo, Z. (2025, February). Investigation into application of AI and telemedicine in rural communities: a systematic literature review. In Healthcare (Vol. 13, No. 3, p. 324). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030324

Rawas, S. (2024). AI: the future of humanity. Discover artificial intelligence, 4(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00118-3

Rosário, A. T., & Boechat, A. C. (2024). How automated machine learning can improve business. Applied Sciences, 14(19), 8749. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198749

Sánchez, E., Calderón, R., & Herrera, F. (2025). Artificial intelligence adoption in SMEs: Survey based on TOE–DOI framework, primary methodology and challenges. Applied Sciences, 15(12), 6465. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126465

Taherdoost, H. (2023). Deep learning and neural networks: Decision-making implications. Symmetry, 15(9), 1723. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15091723

Tariq, K., Tahir, H., Malik, U., Iqbal, K., Shabbir, A., & Hassan, A. U. (2025). Attitudes and readiness to adopt artificial intelligence among healthcare practitioners in Pakistan’s resource-limited settings. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 1031. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13207-5

Vogl, T. M., Seidelin, C., Ganesh, B., & Bright, J. (2020). Smart technology and the emergence of algorithmic bureaucracy: Artificial intelligence in UK local authorities. Public Administration Review, 80(6), 946-961. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13286

Williamson, S. M., & Prybutok, V. (2024). Balancing privacy and progress: a review of privacy challenges, systemic oversight, and patient perceptions in AI-driven healthcare. Applied Sciences, 14(2), 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020675

Yadav, N., Pandey, S., Gupta, A., Dudani, P., Gupta, S., & Rangarajan, K. (2023). Data privacy in healthcare: in the era of artificial intelligence. Indian dermatology online journal, 14(6), 788. https://doi.org/10.4103/idoj.idoj_543_23

Zafar, A. (2024). Balancing the scale: navigating ethical and practical challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in legal practices. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 4(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00121-8

Downloads

Published

2025-12-30

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles

How to Cite

Sattar, S., Hameed, F., & Balal Shaker, A. (2025). AI-Augmented Social Work, Community Resilience, and Ethical Practice: Perceptions and Readiness among Social Work Practitioners and Community Organisations in Pakistan. Journal of Social Science Perspectives, 2(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.65761/jssp.2025.17

Similar Articles

11-17 of 17

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.